Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS):
2.2.b
demonstrate and apply phonetic knowledge by:
decoding words with short, long, or variant vowels, trigraphs, and blends;
decoding words with silent letters such as knife and gnat;
decoding multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables;
decoding compound words, contractions, and common abbreviations;
decoding words using knowledge of syllable division patterns such as VCCV, VCV, and VCCCV;
decoding words with prefixes, including un-, re-, and dis-, and inflectional endings, including -s, -es, -ed, -ing, -er, and -est; and
identifying and reading high-frequency words from a research-based list;
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS):
2.2.c
demonstrate and apply spelling knowledge by:
spelling one-syllable and multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables;
spelling words with silent letters such as knife and gnat;
spelling compound words, contractions, and common abbreviations;
spelling multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns;
spelling words using knowledge of syllable division patterns, including words with double consonants in the middle of the word; and
spelling words with prefixes, including un-, re-, and dis-, and inflectional endings, including -s, -es, -ed, -ing, -er, and -est;
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS):
2.3.c
identify the meaning of and use words with affixes un-, re-, -ly, -er, and -est (comparative and superlative), and -ion/tion/sion; and
Florida - Benchmarks for Excellent Student Thinking:
ELA.2.F.1.3
Use knowledge of grade-appropriate phonics and word-analysis skills to decode words.
a. Decode words with variable vowel teams (e.g., oo, ea, ou) and vowel diphthongs (e.g.,oi, oy,ow).
b. Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long and short vowels.
c. Decode words with open (e.g., hi, baby, moment) and closed (e.g., bag, sunshine,chop) syllables and consonant -le (e.g., purple, circle,stumble).
d. Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes.
e. Decode words with silent letter combinations (e.g.,knight, comb, island,ghost).
Florida - Benchmarks for Excellent Student Thinking:
ELA.2.V.1.2
Identify and use base words and affixes to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words in grade-level content
2nd Grade Reading - Affixes Lesson
A letter or a group of letters can be added to the beginning or the end of a word. These are known as affixes, and they change the meaning of a word.
Prefix
A prefix is a letter or a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word.
Suffix
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters that is added to the end of a word.
Here are some common prefixes and suffixes.
Prefix
Meaning
Example Word
Dis-
the opposite of
disable (to make unable)
Im-
the opposite of
impossible (not possible)
Mid-
middle
midnight (in the middle of the night)
Pre-
before
precook (to cook before)
Re-
again
refill (to fill again)
Un-
not
unable (not able to)
Suffix
Meaning
Example Word
-able
causing
laughable (funny)
-ed
past form of a verb
burned (past form of “burn”)
-en
to become or made of
lighten (to make something light)
-er
comparative; a person who does something
bolder (more bold); hatter (one who makes hats)
-est
the most of something
lightest (the most light)
-ful
filled with
beautiful (full of beauty)
-ion
the act or result of
invention (the result of inventing)
-less
without
penniless (without a penny)
-ly
in a way
softly (in a soft way)
-sion
the act or result of
decision (the act of deciding)
-tion
the act or result of
addition (the act of adding)
The suffixes -ion, -tion, and -sion all mean the act or result of. They turn an action word into a naming word. For example, invent becomes invention, add becomes addition, and decide becomes decision.
2nd Grade Reading - Affixes Lesson